What are laboratory thermometers?
Laboratory glass thermometers are filled with dyed alcohol rather than mercury. Mercury was phased out because a broken thermometer contaminates the bench and whatever it lands in, and a spirit filling covers the same range for school and general lab work without that risk.
Immersion depth is the part people miss. A thermometer calibrated for total immersion reads correctly only when the liquid column is submerged to the marked depth. Leave most of the stem in the air and the reading drifts low.