Calipers & Micrometers

A vernier caliper measures external, internal, and depth dimensions to a fraction of a millimetre using a sliding jaw and a graduated scale. A micrometer screw gauge goes finer again, using a calibrated screw thread to resolve down to hundredths of a millimetre.

Both are dimensional instruments, for measuring size and thickness, not mass. If it's weight you're after, see our balances and scales range instead.

Measuring with a vernier caliper

What is a caliper or micrometer used for?

A vernier caliper has sliding jaws that close onto an object to read its external width, its internal diameter, or its depth, all on one instrument, accurate to about 0.02mm to 0.05mm depending on the model. A micrometer screw gauge does one job only, measuring thickness or diameter, but does it more finely, resolving to 0.01mm using a calibrated screw.

Between the two, most physical sciences and technology practicals only need the caliper. The micrometer earns its place when a measurement genuinely needs that extra decimal of precision.

Common uses of calipers and micrometers

Where a ruler stops being accurate enough.

  • Measuring a specimen for a density calculation

    Measuring for Density Calculations

    Finding an object's volume from its measured dimensions is a standard step in density practicals, and a caliper gives the accuracy that a ruler can't.

  • Measuring a technology project part with a caliper

    Technology and Engineering Projects

    Project kits and technical drawing work often call for measurements finer than a ruler allows, exactly what a caliper's sliding scale is built for.

  • Micrometer screw gauge measuring a metal disc

    Checking Manufactured Tolerances

    A micrometer's finer resolution suits checking whether a machined or moulded part falls within a specified thickness tolerance.

  • Caliper measuring internal diameter of a glass tube

    Internal and Depth Measurements

    Caliper jaws flip to measure the inside diameter of a tube or the depth of a recess, tasks a straight ruler can't do at all.