What is a caliper or micrometer used for?
A vernier caliper has sliding jaws that close onto an object to read its external width, its internal diameter, or its depth, all on one instrument, accurate to about 0.02mm to 0.05mm depending on the model. A micrometer screw gauge does one job only, measuring thickness or diameter, but does it more finely, resolving to 0.01mm using a calibrated screw.
Between the two, most physical sciences and technology practicals only need the caliper. The micrometer earns its place when a measurement genuinely needs that extra decimal of precision.